Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Abstract Place attachment is a key concept in environmental psychology and human geography, referring to individuals' emotional, social, and functional bonds with places. Urban public spaces, particularly those that facilitate social interactions and shared experiences, can enhance this attachment. The café-restaurant area of the Royal Commercial Complex in Saadat Abad is one such space that has attracted female students due to its distinctive features, making it a gathering spot for socialization and leisure. This study aims to examine the factors influencing female students' place attachment to this space by exploring the impact of physical, social, cultural, and individual characteristics on the level of attachment. The research employs a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 female students who regularly frequented the café-restaurant area. Content analysis of these interviews identified key components affecting place attachment. Based on these findings, a questionnaire was designed and administered to 200 students in the quantitative phase. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and regression analysis to determine the impact of each identified factor. The results indicate that place attachment in this space is shaped by a combination of physical, social, and experiential factors. Among these, physical attributes such as spatial design, lighting, and layout, along with opportunities for social interaction and shared memories, had the most significant impact on fostering attachment. Social factors, including the presence of like-minded groups, a sense of comfort in interactions, and the possibility of collective experiences, played a crucial role in students' repeated visits to the location. Furthermore, past experiences and positive memories associated with the space enhanced users’ sense of belonging. These findings suggest that place attachment is not merely an individual response but rather a product of social interactions, shared memories, and the quality of the physical environment, evolving over time.

Abstract Chastity, as an internal force that restrains the self from indecent behaviors, has always been emphasized in Islam. The Almighty God, through a gradual presentation of comprehensive policies, has promoted, stabilized, and institutionalized chaste living within the Islamic society. While the concept of chastity in its various dimensions is discussed in Meccan surahs, the reinforcement and implementation of sexual chastity laws have been deferred to the Medinan period—under circumstances where an Islamic government is established.This study seeks to answer the question: What strategies does the Medinan Surah An-Nur employ to institutionalize sexual chastity within a faith-based community? Through a descriptive-analytical approach and based on library resources, the study reveals that in the context of an established Islamic society, God begins with preventive rulings against sexual deviance—such as harsh punishment for adulterers and strict evidentiary standards, prohibition of illicit glances, encouragement of marriage, and emphasis on youth chastity.Furthermore, the issue of hijab is introduced as part of cultivating a spirit of modesty. To consolidate sexual chastity within both the familial and social spheres, the surah proposes adherence to divine chastity rulings, respect for private boundaries in the family (especially regarding parents), overcoming carnal desires, cultivating fear and awe of God, allowing divine rulings to illuminate the hearts of believers, and complete obedience to God and His Messenger. These strategies aim to embed chastity within the hearts of the faithful—something only achievable through safeguarding the boundaries between mahram and non-mahram, the family unit, parents, and the Prophet Muhammad.

Abstract Spirituality and religious beliefs are among the most important factors that can protect individuals against various physical and psychological problems. Therefore, considering the significance of this issue, the present study aimed to examine the spiritual and religious factors that influence the reduction of illness anxiety disorder symptoms in Iranian women.This research was qualitative in nature and employed the latent content analysis method. The study population included seven mental health specialists and seven Iranian women, who were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed using a semi-structured format until theoretical saturation was achieved.Analysis of the findings led to the identification of five main categories: having hope and motivation, inner belief and faith in God, adherence to religious principles, serenity and tolerance, and having meaning in life.The results indicate that spiritual and religious components can be effectively utilized to reduce psychological problems such as somatic symptom disorders, particularly illness anxiety disorder, among women.

Abstract This study aimed to predict internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children based on empathy, family communication processes, and mothers’ early maladaptive schemas. The research design was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school children in Yasuj city during the 2022-2023 academic year, along with their mothers. A sample of 361 individuals was selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Fitzpatrick and Ritchie (1994) Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire, Young’s Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), and Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The participants’ scores were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis via SPSS-24 software. The results of the Pearson correlation showed a significant positive correlation between the conformity subscale and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, and a significant negative correlation between the conversation subscale and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the components of early maladaptive schemas (including disconnection/rejection, impaired autonomy/performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over-vigilance/inhibition) and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. The findings indicated that the conformity subscale and the components of early maladaptive schemas could positively predict internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children. These findings can be applied in the etiology of behavioral problems and the development of preventive strategies.

Abstract The principle of privacy and sanctity in sustainable housing design has gained increasing attention due to the diverse social and cultural challenges facing contemporary societies. Housing, beyond serving as a physical shelter, plays a crucial role in shaping and reinforcing individual and social identities, particularly for women. In Islamic societies, the concept of privacy is considered a fundamental value in family and social relations, and emphasizing it can enhance quality of life, security, tranquility, and psychological well-being within families. Therefore, addressing privacy in housing design and its impact on individuals' quality of lifeespecially that of women—is deemed a critical necessity in this research. Privacy, as a key element in fostering healthy and balanced communities, strengthens family relationships and reduces social tensions. Accordingly, designing residential spaces that prioritize personal needs while preserving privacy can provide women with secure and peaceful environments, enabling them to effectively fulfill their social roles.This study, conducted using a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, through an extensive review of the literature and theoretical data analysis, concludes that adherence to privacy principles in housing design not only improves individuals' quality of life but also promotes social interactions. Creating residential spaces that meet privacy needs can foster social cohesion and reduce social problems. The findings further reveal that attention to zoning, spatial hierarchy, and related architectural strategies significantly contributes to fulfilling privacy requirements within homes.It is noteworthy that this research can serve as a foundation for improving housing design and enhancing quality of life in Islamic societies, ultimately leading to the creation of healthier and more sustainable environments for all individuals, particularly women.

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role and social commitment of companies on environmental damage and its consequences and effects on the health and health of employees. Case study of female staff of Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. This study examines the role, commitment, and support of petrochemicals on the health, health, and staffing of women in relation to pollution and its detrimental effects on the environment. Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. In this research, it is an applied research and a descriptive survey. Our statistical population consists of petrochemical workers in the south of the country who have been involved in bladder cancer and most of these patients are those whose working conditions are such that they should be kept in open space outside office sites and buildings. They are involved in industrial pollution such as green space, repairs, and so on. The statistical population of this study consisted of 58 patients who were selected using the Cochran formula. Accounting plays an important role in corporate social responsibility, environmental crises, existing standards and standards, revenues and costs, and insurance franchises. According to the results of the hypotheses, there is a direct relationship between the role and commitment of petrochemical managers due to its pollutants and its detrimental effects on the environment and the health and health of its female employees. Thus, the incidence of bladder cancer among petrochemical workers is directly related to their work environment. The results show that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between the role and social commitment of companies and the health and health of female employees and their environment. Therefore, managers should play an important role in reducing the illness and health of their employees with the responsibilities they are responsible for, as well as supporting their franchisees with an appropriate insurance franchise for their medical expenses.

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ACT and Clomipramine was used to treat OCD and to determine the most effective type of treatment in reducing the symptoms of patients with OCD. Methods: This research was an applied and research project. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control groups. The research population was obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to counseling centers in the summer of 2018 and received a definitive diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sampling was done by the access method. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15. Subjects were evaluated before and after the intervention by the Yale Brown questionnaire. To analyze the statistical data, analysis of variance (repeated measure) was used by SPSS software version 21. Findings: The findings of this study showed that both types of treatment in the short-term affects the improvement of symptoms of OCD (P<0/01), but in follow-up, ACT treatments maintained their therapeutic effect. Moreover, there was no significant difference between men and women statistically in this study. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a more lasting effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment, and this seems to be important due to the combination of Eastern techniques and Western psychology that makes treatment more effective for Iranian patients.

Abstract This study aimed to predict the women's marital satisfaction level compared to men based on spiritual intelligence in two groups of students in Kerman. The sample of this study included 160 people selected by random sampling, 80 of whom were married seminary students of Kerman, and the other 80 were married students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and the Inrich (Enrich) Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson correlation, t-test, two independent groups, linear regression were used to analyze the collected data with SPSS 23 software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between spiritual intelligence and marital satisfaction between the two groups of students. Also, seminary students have more marital satisfaction than the other group (p <.001). There was no significant difference between the spiritual intelligence of men and women. Considering that spiritual intelligence shapes individual behaviors in society, it is effective in solving life problems. The purpose of this study was to clarify the importance of spirituality and spiritual intelligence on the level of marital satisfaction. Therefore, by strengthening spiritual intelligence in these two influential groups in society, it is possible to help increase marital satisfaction and empower them.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling based on logotherapy on reducing loneliness and depression in mothers with children with learning disabilities. The present study was semi-experimental. The statistical population was all mothers having children with learning disabilities, referred to the Velayat Learning Disabilities Center in Ahvaz. Among whom, 20people were selected by the available sampling method and were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Data collection in this study was conducted by the Behavior of Loneliness Questionnaire (UCLA) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Experimental group sessions were held with a logotherapy approach during ten 90-minute sessions. Descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance, were used. The results showed that group therapy based on logotherapy reduces loneliness and depression of mothers with children with learning disabilities (P˂0.01). Therefore, this therapeutic approach possibly is employed as an effective method to help reduce loneliness and depression in mothers of children with learning disabilities.

Abstract In developing countries, women play a significant role in promoting families, also the growth and development of their countries. The success of women entrepreneurs in societies brings economic advantages and creates social and cultural benefits. Countries consider entrepreneurship due to three reasons; "wealth creation, technology development, and productive employment." However, in Iran, this concept is simply synonymous with "employment" by mistake, and we are moving towards entrepreneurship only to solve the employment problem. The present study investigates the role of women in the relationship between entrepreneurial tendencies of companies and financial performance in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, data related to 140 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between the years 2013 to 2020 were collected and examined by the method of the structural equation (PLS). Findings from the study show that women have a moderating role between the criteria of entrepreneurial orientation and performance indicators of the company. It means that the role of women will improve the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and corporate financial performance.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and body management in women. The present study was descriptive and correlational. The study's statistical population consisted of all women in Shiraz in 2021. Among them, 300 women were selected from the statistical population by available sampling method as the sample size. Data were collected using Self-Compassion Questionnaire (Reiss, Puminer, Neff, and Wanguchta (2011) (SCS-SF)) and Online Object Awareness Questionnaire (McKinley and Hyde (2001)). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and SPSS statistical software. Findings from Pearson correlation analysis, related to examining the significant relationship between self-compassion and changes in body management in women, showed a significant negative relationship between the components, including self-kindness, self-judgment, human sharing, isolation, mindfulness, extreme assimilation, and changes in body management. The present study results emphasize the role and importance of self-compassion in dealing with behaviors related to body management. Cultivating a compassionate mind can control the negative behavioral consequences associated with maladaptive body management, which can have many practical implications for women.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the mediating role of social support in the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being in the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province. The research was correlational. The statistical population includes all women heads of households in Isfahan province in 1399, whose number based on the statistics of the Welfare Organization of this province was equal to 1200 people. The statistical sample consisted of 330 people selected by the convenience sampling method. Research instruments included the Wax et al. (1986) Social Support Assessment Scale, the Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989), and the WHO Quality of Life Short Scale (1989). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and AMOS version 22 and the statistical method of structural equation analysis. The results showed that social support adds 21.1% to the path between psychological well-being and quality of life. The results also showed that social support has a minor mediating role in the relationship between resilience and quality of life of women heads of households in Isfahan province (β = 0.211 and (p <0.05)). Social support has a minor mediating role in the relationship between psychological well-being and quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.211 and (p <0.05)). Resilience has a direct effect on the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.350 and (p <0.05)). Also, psychological well-being has a direct effect on the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.350 and (p <0.05).

Abstract Tolerance is one of the prominent human qualities that God considered in the Qur'an as a divine blessing and mercy. Tolerance, as a high moral virtue, has a significant effect on personal and social ethics and is one of the principles that has had a tremendous impact on the improvement and growth of human relations with others. So, its observance is necessary for the general peace of society. In this regard, this article investigated the relations between men, women, and children from a descriptive and analytical perspective focusing on the internal and external effects of tolerance with a religious teaching approach. Tolerance has internal and external results, and tolerance, as a moral virtue, is one of the qualities that bring people high and honorable positions in this world and the hereafter. Also, it plays a very constructive role in the person's family and social life. Life is full of misfortunes that a person might deal with; if one does not build tolerance and behaves harshly and violently with others in times of difficulty and roughness, it will damage both person's social credit and his/ her religious-moral health.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive parenting group training for mothers and its effect on children's aggression and social skills. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre and post-test design, a control group, and a 3-month follow-up. Socio-statistics were all mothers of preschool children in district one of Gorgan city in 2018. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster, in which 2 schools were randomly selected from among preschool schools in district one of Gorgan city. In the next stage, 2 classes from each school and 60 mothers from the statistical community were randomly selected. They were placed in two groups of experimental (30 people) and a control (30 people). The experimental group was trained for 4 weeks, 2 sessions per week, and no intervention was performed in the control group. A follow-up was conducted 3 months later at the end of the post-test. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Based on the results, the positive parenting training program was effective in all four components of aggression and social skills of preschool children (P<0.05). The results showed that positive parenting training has the necessary efficiency to reduce aggression and increase the social skills of preschool children.

Abstract This study is a qualitative study that aimed to phenomenologically examine the lived experience of female FGM victims, to develop a conceptual framework for professionals working with female FGM survivors. The current study population consisted of all circumcised women. Participants were selected through a snowball sampling to saturation (20 participants), and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 female survivors of genital mutilation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using grounded theory and three coding phases. Culture, religion, male role, lack of education, female identity, and fraud were identified as key factors influencing survivors' understanding of FGM and its consequences. Female FGM survivors' experiences, as well as their beliefs about the practice, affected their emotional lives, relationships, identities, and bodies. The fear of female genital mutilation described by survivors undermined their resilience. All major categories of emotional, relational, identity, and physical consequences of FGM, as well as survivors' resilience, were influenced by key stages of womanhood, such as menstruation, marriage, and childbirth. These factors were reinforced based on their needs. This is a lack of satisfaction and the health system does not pay attention to the needs of these women. It is impossible to study the physical and psychological consequences of FGM in isolation and without considering the cultural context and life cycle of female FGM survivors. In addition, The issue weakens survivors' resilience to living with FGM. There are complex relationships between the physical, psychological, and social consequences of FGM and the culture of FGM, which should inform health policy and medical care for survivors to meet their needs.

Abstract One memory type which is particularly important in the correct performance of a nurse is prospective memory. Most of the times, the correct performance of a nurse and as a result their patients’ health and life depends on the health and accuracy of their memory. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between work motivation and gender with prospective memory performance in nurses. The present research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 110 nursing students working in Zanjan hospitals. A simple random sampling method was used to select the subjects. The research tools were Hockman and Oldham's job satisfaction questionnaire and the researcher-made task. In order to create forgetfulness in people in the studied groups, a researcher-made task was used, which included 12 nursing activities, 6 time-based activities, and 6 event-based activities. The outline of this test was taken from DMDX software which McFarland and Glisky (2009) had used to evaluate time-based prospective memory. Independent t-tests and MANOVA tests were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between work motivation and prospective memory; in such a way, nurses who had a higher work motivation showed better performance in prospective memory tasks, both time- based and event- based.

Abstract Peace is one of the main virtues of marriage Field research shows the increase of social corruption in the world due to anxiety and depression There is no doubt about the necessity of women's social presence But if the various dimensions of this presence are not paid attention to, the strength of the family will be endangered The personality of the fetus is influenced 50% by the mother and 25% by the father Therefore, the preservation - quantitative and qualitative - of these seeds is the rational and humane duty of individuals and the political government. Today, the peak of Iblis' rule is delegitimization of property and children and the destruction of human beings in the name of abortion By creating a platform for forbidden and suspicious food and by fueling the issue of mixing between men and women Today's danger for the human race is the desecration of the family institution and the social degradation of men and women and the role of fathers and mothers of the youth. Therefore, modification of insight, tendency and action strategies and lifestyle and reducing the effects of feminist culture and practical suggestions It is necessary.

Abstract The present study aimed to know the factors, complications, and controllability of masturbation addiction in twelfth-grade students. the present research is single-case experimental research. The participants of this study are all male students. According to their own words, are addicted to masturbation and have shared it with their teacher. One person who was in the severe category was selected intentionally by considering the entry and exit criteria of the study. Finally, the person's lived experience in the stages of baseline, treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up, respectively through a semi-structured interview. It was determined in four axes that 1. The frequency of masturbation was five times a week since three months ago, and the most important reasons; Loneliness, lack of physical activity, and watching movies were mentioned 2. The consequences of starting this behavior include a drop in academic grades, avoidance of responsibility at home and isolation at school, and a drop in cheerfulness. In the last 2 axes, after two months of implementation of therapeutic techniques, the frequency of this procedure decreased to one-fifth compared to the baseline. The drop in his grades was temporary, He became more social in school and more responsible at home, and his cheerfulness increased. Controlling this problem is not only possible but also promotes health growth in social, academic, personal, and family fields.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to present a model for predicting the inclination toward divorce based on dysfunction sexual beliefs and relational beliefs with the mediation role of marital discontent in women and men seeking to counseling centers in Ardabil. In terms of methodology, this research is among correlational research. The statistical population comprised all individuals seeking counseling services in Ardabil's counseling centers, from which a sample of 290 people was chosen using the convenience sampling method. The required data were collected through the Nobreh, Penito &Vagoya Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs Questionnaire (2007), Idelson and Epstein Relational Beliefs Questionnaire (1981), Pines' marital Discontent Questionnaire (1996) and Rosbolt and Zambrot's Divorce Propensity Questionnaire (1983). Data analysis was performed using structural equation model method and the AMOS-24 software. The results showed that according to the provided fit indices, the research model has a good fit after modification. Additionally, the direct effect of dysfunction sexual beliefs and relational beliefs on the inclination toward divorce was significant, and and marital discontent played a mediating role in the relationship between dysfunctional sexual beliefs, relational beliefs, and the inclination toward divorce. The results of the study indicated that dysfunctional sexual beliefs and relational beliefs directly contribute positively to the likelihood of divorce. Additionally, dysfunctional sexual beliefs indirectly influence divorce inclination through the mediation of marital discontent. Similarly, relational beliefs exhibit an indirect and positive impact on divorce inclination through the marital discontent mediation. In other words, marital discontent, characterized by emotional detachment, feelings of alienation, indifference, and the replacement of negative emotions for positive ones, significantly predicts the inclination of couples toward divorce.

Abstract The legislator, by instituting pre-divorce counseling, aimed to address unnecessary divorces under the second chapter of the Family Support Law in 2013. This paper presents a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of this counseling based on the perspectives of couples who have undergone all stages of pre-divorce counseling. The research methodology employed phenomenology, with thematic analysis is used to analyze the interviews. The fifteen interviewees were residents of Alborz province, selected through purposive sampling. Six main themes emerged from the interview analysis: the provision of necessary solutions by the counselor, fostering compromise and continuity in marital life, seeking legal and social guidance from counselors, the impactful nature of timely counseling, the lack of effectiveness of counseling sessions in fostering compromise, and the drawbacks of the current pre-divorce counseling process. The interviewees generally unanimous in their expectation from the counseling that the counselor can create a compromise between couples, however, their attitudes toward the effectiveness of current counseling indicate dissatisfaction. This lack of satisfaction encompasses different dimensions, including the heavy costs of consultation fees and the lack of government coverage, the inappropriate timing of counseling sessions, some counselors underestimating the importance of family consolidation, and insufficient efforts to mend couples' relationships. Additionally, interviewees noted a lack of adequate expertise and experience among counselors, along with gender biases exhibited by some counselors. This research suggests a revision of the second chapter of the Family Support Law to align with the legislator's goal and eliminate the disadvantages of the current shortcomings, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of mandatory pre-divorce counseling for couples.

Abstract The Islamic Revolution disrupted the bipolar world system and introduced a new idea of a new sovereignty that considers sovereignty to be God's. This system bases its principles and frameworks on Islamic ideology, upon which ideals, goals, programs, and policies are designed and implemented. Good governance is one of the supreme goals of the Islamic system. To achieve high governance and global civilization, Islamic society needs to provide a plan for all its actors and participants. Therefore, since more than half of the population is made up of "women", the Islamic government is required to set an example for them in its governance. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain Islamic sovereignty and raised requirements. The result of this study is the Islamic governance pattern in the field of women, with an explanation of related indicators. The research findings should be followed in a systematic and interconnected manner across three systems: epistemology-philosophical, value-motivating, and structural. In fact, to achieve the model of women's governance, the three systems must operate in a specific geometry, resulting in the example of the "third model of women."

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on sleep quality & aggression in girls with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group design. The statistical population consisted of female high school students suffering from premenstrual dysphoric symptoms in Tabriz in 2023. A total of 30 participants were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 people each). Members of the experimental group received their treatment in eight 1.5-hour sessions, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups completed the 19-item Pittsburgh sleep quality and 29-item Bass-Perry Aggression Questionnaire before, after, and four months following the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that ACT significantly increased sleep quality and decreased aggression in girls with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome in the post-test. In the follow-up phase, the effect of this treatment on sleep quality and aggression was lasting. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that ACT can potentially enhance sleep quality and reduce aggression in girls with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome.

Abstract One of the major challenges in modern societies caused by the industrial lifestyle is inefficient evaluations when facing challenges and tensions, leading to stress. Therefore, identifying stress-inducing factors in various diseases is clinically significant. This study aimed to examine the relationship between cognitive evaluation, self-compassion, and stress habits among women with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a cross-sectional applied study categorized as descriptive-correlational research. The participants consisted of 130 women with MS. Data analysis was performed using regression tests and SPSS software. Data were collected using the Self-Compassion Questionnaire, the standard Kooadrun stress measurement, and the Gross and John cognitive evaluation test. Variables such as stress habits, cognitive evaluation, and self-compassion significantly influenced the regression equation (p≤0.01), explaining 43.5% of the variance in stress habits. The prediction of stress habits based on a lack of self-kindness showed a direct relationship with a beta coefficient of 0.637. Additionally, self-kindness was positively related to stress habits, while self-compassion showed a negative significant relationship at the 0.01 level. Cognitive evaluation and its dimensions were also significant at the 0.05 level. It is recommended to implement compassion-based therapies, emotional management training, mindfulness exercises, relaxation techniques, identification of negative automatic thoughts, replacement with positive thoughts, and social support networks effective in stress management and emotional regulation training in cognitive evaluations to control stress among people with MS.

Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the improvement of internalized and externalized disorders of children aged 8 to 12 years in Gorgan city. The effectiveness research method is pre-test-post-test with control group. The studied population were all students aged 8 to 12 years living in Gorgan city. The sample size in Stata software was determined equal to 44 samples (22 people in each group). The research tool was the Achenbach Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire. The experimental group received cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in 8 sessions of 60 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices and univariate analysis of variance were used by SPSS software. The findings showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness is effective in improving internalized and externalized disorders of children aged 8 to 12 years (p<0.05). The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness leads to the reduction of internalized and externalized disorders in children aged 8 to 12 years.

Abstract The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of community-based therapy and emotion-focused therapy on increasing distress tolerance and reducing suicidal ideation in Kurdish women. This study is applied in terms of its objective and  quasi-experimental in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included all women with marital problems in Kurdistan Province in 2023 (1402 in the Shamsi Calendar) who had marital issues and suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts, totaling 150 individuals. From this population, 45 individuals were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, with 15 participants in each. Initially, all participants completed the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (Beck, 1976). One experimental group underwent 10 sessions of community-based therapy, while the other received 8 sessions of emotion-focused therapy. The control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, all participants completed the research instruments again. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23. Therefore, implementing community-based life reconstruction training and emotion-focused therapy protocols can lead to increased distress tolerance and reduced suicidal ideation in Kurdish women.