Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to explore the challenges of single mothers' parenting after divorce. This qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenology method, and the statistical population included divorced mothers with children residing in Shiraz in the year 1403 (2024-2025). A total of 22 participants were purposefully selected, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Analysis of the participants' experiences led to the identification of 4 main themes and 36 sub-themes. The main themes included economic challenges, relationship crises, lack of parental alignment in upbringing, and lack of social support. The results indicate the necessity of paying attention to post-divorce parenting and increasing the awareness of divorced parents with children through participation in joint parenting workshops. Additionally, increasing support from social institutions and family-related organizations plays a significant role in reducing the economic problems of single mothers and contributes to improving the mental health of this group, thereby reducing the negative impacts of divorce.The purpose of the present study was to explore the challenges of single mothers' parenting after divorce. This qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenology method, and the statistical population included divorced mothers with children residing in Shiraz in the year 1403 (2024-2025). A total of 22 participants were purposefully selected, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Analysis of the participants' experiences led to the identification of 4 main themes and 36 sub-themes. The main themes included economic challenges, relationship crises, lack of parental alignment in upbringing, and lack of social support. The results indicate the necessity of paying attention to post-divorce parenting and increasing the awareness of divorced parents with children through participation in joint parenting workshops. Additionally, increasing support from social institutions and family-related organizations plays a significant role in reducing the economic problems of single mothers and contributes to improving the mental health of this group, thereby reducing the negative impacts of divorce.

Abstract .This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of resilience training based on the acceptance and commitment approach on the levels of acceptance, gratitude, and courage among female heads of households in Shiraz. This experimental research employed a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with a control group. A total of 100 participants were selected, with 30 participants attending the workshops and divided into two experimental groups (15 participants each). Data collection instruments included the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), and Courage Questionnaire. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions, each lasting 1.5 hours, conducted weekly for the experimental group. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that resilience training significantly enhanced acceptance, gratitude (GQ-6), and courage among female heads of household. Therefore, resilience training based on the acceptance and commitment approach can be considered an effective method to enhance acceptance, gratitude, and courage among heads of household. Moreover, the intensity and duration of resilience training played a significant role in the outcomes. The results indicate that resilience training based on the acceptance and commitment approach had a positive and significant effect on acceptance, gratitude levels, and courage among female heads of household. Consequently, resilience training programs tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of female heads of household, considering environmental, cultural, and social factors in their living environment, can play an effective role in improving family functioning and well-being, as well as enhancing their gratitude and courage.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles with parents’ sexual knowledge and attitude and the level of interest in talking about sexual issues with children in Shiraz. Therefore, 160 parents with children were selected by convenience sampling as a statistical sample. The data were collected by Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1991), Parents’ Interest in Talking about Sexual Issues (Koblinsky & Atkinson, 1982), and Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale (Besharat, 2005). The reliability of the instruments was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha. The relationship between each dimension of parenting styles and parents’ sexual knowledge and attitude and interest in talking about sexual issues was examined using correlation and regression analysis. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between authoritarian parenting style and interest in talking about sexual issues. There was a significant positive relationship between authoritative parenting style and sexual knowledge and attitude. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between permissive parenting style and sexual knowledge and attitude, and interest in talking about sexual issues in the family. However, even with the introduction of sexual knowledge and attitudes as predictors, the authoritarian parenting style still negatively predicted the level of parents’ interest in discussing sexual issues. According to the results, the best parenting style for communicating with children and talking about sexual issues is the authoritative parenting style. Parents should increase their knowledge and awareness about sexual issues and learn the principles of authoritative parenting to prevent high-risk and harmful behaviors in children.