Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to explore the challenges of single mothers' parenting after divorce. This qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenology method, and the statistical population included divorced mothers with children residing in Shiraz in the year 1403 (2024-2025). A total of 22 participants were purposefully selected, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Analysis of the participants' experiences led to the identification of 4 main themes and 36 sub-themes. The main themes included economic challenges, relationship crises, lack of parental alignment in upbringing, and lack of social support. The results indicate the necessity of paying attention to post-divorce parenting and increasing the awareness of divorced parents with children through participation in joint parenting workshops. Additionally, increasing support from social institutions and family-related organizations plays a significant role in reducing the economic problems of single mothers and contributes to improving the mental health of this group, thereby reducing the negative impacts of divorce.The purpose of the present study was to explore the challenges of single mothers' parenting after divorce. This qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenology method, and the statistical population included divorced mothers with children residing in Shiraz in the year 1403 (2024-2025). A total of 22 participants were purposefully selected, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Analysis of the participants' experiences led to the identification of 4 main themes and 36 sub-themes. The main themes included economic challenges, relationship crises, lack of parental alignment in upbringing, and lack of social support. The results indicate the necessity of paying attention to post-divorce parenting and increasing the awareness of divorced parents with children through participation in joint parenting workshops. Additionally, increasing support from social institutions and family-related organizations plays a significant role in reducing the economic problems of single mothers and contributes to improving the mental health of this group, thereby reducing the negative impacts of divorce.

Abstract Socio-economic governance in any society requires models for implementation. The aim of this study is to design a model for entrepreneurship education for women heads of households under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Fars Province as a model for socio-economic governance. For this purpose, the grounded theory method was used. The statistical sample included 13 women heads of households who were interviewed using a semi-structured interview method. The research findings show that the paradigmatic model of entrepreneurship education for women heads of households includes 45 open codes in the form of 18 axial codes. The analysis of the findings indicates the existence of five main themes: social factors; cultural factors; family factors; individual-personality factors; and occupational factors. Entrepreneurship education for women heads of households is influenced by experiences and events in the living environment. On the other hand, the desire to progress and obtain a suitable job position is a strong factor that affects the entrepreneur's motivation. Also, an entrepreneur engages in creativity based on experiences, facilities, characteristics, and environmental conditions. In this model, unfavorable economic conditions, teacher-oriented parents, and valuing culture play an important role in fostering entrepreneurial thinking. Apart from this, obstacles including improper interaction with employees and time management also have a detrimental effect on entrepreneurship. In addition, the strategies adopted by the entrepreneur revolve around his personality and individual characteristics such as striving to acquire knowledge and performance based on curiosity, adaptability and tenacity, and having direction and purpose. Ultimately, positive and negative consequences including health and social usefulness, discovering new attitudes towards work, and job-related risks are experienced by the entrepreneur. The findings of this research can be taken into account for governance in the socio-economic field.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the lived experience of female teachers regarding the teacher ranking scheme. This research is qualitative, employing a descriptive phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of all female teachers in Rasht city. Participants included fifteen teachers who were selected through purposive and criterion-based sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were coded and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. The analysis yielded three main themes and seven subcategories. The first main theme was "ranking as a double burden," comprising the subcategories of "stress," "structural injustice," and "increased workload and deviation from the core mission." The second main theme was "ambivalent sense of worth," which included the subcategories of "conflicted professional identity" and "livelihood and welfare challenges." The third main theme was "imposed motivation," encompassing two subcategories: "instrumental motivation" and "ineffective implementation process." Based on the findings, it appears that the lived experience of female teachers in Rasht regarding the ranking scheme has been predominantly characterized by tension, dissatisfaction, and a sense of injustice. The results of this study suggest that, within the lived experience of teachers, the ranking scheme—rather than enhancing motivation and fairness—has become a factor contributing to increased workload, stress, and feelings of inequality. Therefore, a fundamental revision of implementation processes and attention to the voices of teachers seem necessary to achieve the original objectives of the scheme. The findings of this study can be useful for the Ministry of Education.

Abstract Since cultural components related to emotion regulation play an important role in individuals' psychological health, the present study aimed to qualitatively investigate the role of socio-cultural components related to emotion regulation in promoting sleep health among Iranian women.The present study was a qualitative study conducted using content analysis and latent analysis. The target population consisted of 12 Iranian women in 2025 who had experienced sleep-related problems for at least one week during the past year.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with them using purposive sampling until saturation was reached. Upon completion of the interviews, after eliminating and aligning similar and repetitive codes, the results of the analysis of the findings led to the discovery of 4 main categories and 8 subcategories. The main categories included items such as; components related to spiritual-religious attitude, components related to purposeful lifestyle, components related to patience and self-control, and components related to peace in family-social relationships.The findings indicate that socio-cultural concepts related to emotion regulation can play an important role in promoting women's sleep health, therefore it is suggested that health professionals pay special attention to this issue.therefore it is suggested that health professionals pay special attention to this issue.therefore it is suggested that health professionals pay special attention to this issue.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the lived experience of married female student teachers in dormitory life. This study was designed with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method to extract the meaning of their daily experiences in student and married life through the participants’ narratives, feelings, concerns, and deep understanding. Living simultaneously in the two important roles of “student” and “wife” in the specific conditions of dormitory has provided a complex, multidimensional, and sometimes stressful situation for this group of young women that requires a detailed, empathetic, and lived-experience-based study.Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with a number of married female student teachers. Participants were selected purposefully and with a diversity of experiences in mind. The collected data was then analyzed using thematic analysis in a step-by-step and systematic manner to reveal the main themes, sub-themes, and hidden meanings behind the narratives.The findings of the study showed that married female student teachers face a set of intertwined challenges, including managing multiple roles, including the simultaneous role of student, spouse, and future teacher, which has caused time, energy, and psychological conflicts. The psychological pressures of being away from family and spouse, especially in the early years of marriage, have created feelings of loneliness, emotional insecurity, and duality in place belonging for many of them. Also, the structural and cultural limitations of the university environment, such as lack of attention to the specific needs of married women, lack of space for open discussion about marital issues, and the dominance of a one-dimensional view of the student role, have made conditions more difficult for this group.At the same time, the findings showed that family and academic support, especially in the form of emotional support from families of origin and spouses, as well as limited facilitation from the university administration, played an important role in increasing the resilience, adaptability, and maintaining the academic motivation of female student teachers. In addition, limited dormitory facilities, including an inappropriate space for married life, lack of privacy, lack of cooking and washing facilities, and substandard sanitary conditions, along with economic pressures from the costs of education and cohabitation, were other obstacles experienced in this path.The results of this study can be a scientific and empirical basis for reviewing and improving the welfare and educational policies and programs of Farhangian University. Paying attention to the specific needs of married women, creating dedicated facilities and spaces, designing effective support systems, providing specialized counseling, and improving the insight of officials into the lived realities of this group can lead to improving their quality of life, mental health, and academic success. In the long term, these measures will pave the way for training experienced, knowledgeable, committed, and capable teachers in fulfilling various social and professional roles.

Abstract Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, having a significant impact on quality of life. From 1990 to 2010, it was recognized as the most costly mental illness worldwide. Estimates indicate that more than 17% of the U.S. population experience depression at some point in their lives, and each year, 19 million individuals develop major depression.

In recent years, attention to psychological factors influencing the health and performance of female physical education teachers has increased. Among these factors, optimism can play an important role in enhancing psychological flexibility. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive role of optimism in psychological flexibility among female physical education teachers in Shiraz. This research was descriptive–correlational and applied in nature. The statistical population consisted of 300 female physical education teachers, of whom 140 were selected using cluster sampling. Data collection tools included three standardized questionnaires: the Psychological Flexibility Scale by Dennis and Vander Wal, and the Academic Optimism Scale by Beard et al. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 with Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests.

The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between optimism and psychological flexibility. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that the two variables could simultaneously predict psychological flexibility. The results indicate that optimism can contribute to enhancing the psychological resilience of female physical education teachers. Based on these findings, it is recommended that educational and counseling programs be designed and implemented to strengthen these factors, thereby facilitating improvements in teachers’ mental health and professional performance.

Abstract The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on relationship beliefs among couples in Shiraz. The family, as the most fundamental social institution, plays a vital role in the psychological and emotional well-being of its members, and marital satisfaction is considered a key indicator of its stability. Since dysfunctional relationship beliefs may lead to recurrent conflicts, misunderstandings, and decreased relational quality, examining their predictive role in marital satisfaction is essential. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design, with the statistical population consisting of all couples who referred to therapeutic centers in Shiraz in 2024. A total of 270 individuals were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Ferdosi, 1999) and the Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire (Eidelson & Epstein, 1982). Data analysis with Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression in SPSS-28 revealed a significant negative relationship between dysfunctional relationship beliefs and marital satisfaction. Specifically, the dimensions of “belief in the immutability of the spouse” and “mind-reading expectation” had the strongest negative effects on marital satisfaction. Overall, findings showed that relationship beliefs accounted for about 12% of the variance in marital satisfaction. These results emphasize the necessity of modifying and adjusting relationship beliefs in couples, as such interventions can foster greater compatibility, improve emotional interactions, and enhance marital quality. Therefore, educational and counseling programs focused on revising relationship beliefs may serve as effective strategies for promoting marital satisfaction among couples.

Abstract This research aims to explore the reflection of livelihood attitudes, cultural and social women in spatial organizations and housing design patterns in urban contexts. A goal that is of double importance given the prominent role of women in the daily experience and use of residential spaces and the rapid changes in urban life patterns. It should be noted that this study stems from there. In this regard, this research has conducted research to identify and find solutions to address them by using scientific scientometrics and using Lens databases and VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20) to map knowledge and examine existing trends. To analyze the literature topics and literature, a series of studies include co-authorship networks to identify collaboration patterns and key authors, keyword co-occurrence network analysis to map semantic fields and effects of six clusters including housing, quality, sustainable development impact, cultural heritage, urban book acquisitions and climate change, citation analysis and analytical analysis. Network and distance between socio-cultural and technical-environmental clusters have been conducted. Findings show that existing conceptual clusters operate in parallel and with limited connections, while central nodes play an important role as “sustainability” in establishing links between different domains. Also, indigenous research and analytical analysis are considered to be the most important gaps. The results of this study suggest that there is room for the development of interdisciplinary models that integrate women's perspectives with quantitative environmental-climatic analyses and pave the way for the convergence of socio-cultural and technical environmental studies. A path that can lead to the advancement of theoretical foundations and the provision of practical strategies for the design of sustainable and human-centered urban housing.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determining the relationship between information ethics and work ethics and self - efficacy in female high school female teachers . . The statistical population of the study included 303 teachers of the first high school of mamasani town , 303 patients , of which 170 were selected as sample and by stratified random sampling method . Data gathering tools were standard questionnaires of teacher self - efficacy moran and, gregory 's work ethic ( 1990 ) and information, (to describe the data , descriptive statistics methods and for inferential analysis of data , pearson correlation and regression methods were used . the results of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self - efficacy with work ethics and self - efficacy in teachers and the results of the study showed that فناوری had the predictive capability between work ethic and teacher efficacy . ( p < 0.01 ). The purpose of this study was to determining the relationship between information ethics and work ethics and self - efficacy in female high school female teachers . . The statistical population of the study included 303 teachers of the first high school of mamasani town , 303 patients , of which 170 were selected as sample and by stratified random sampling method . Data gathering tools were standard questionnaires of teacher self - efficacy moran and, gregory 's work ethic ( 1990 ) and information, (to describe the data , descriptive statistics methods and for inferential analysis of data , pearson correlation and regression methods were used . the results of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self - efficacy with work ethics and self - efficacy in teachers and the results of the study showed that فناوری had the predictive capability between work ethic and teacher efficacy . ( p < 0.01 ).