The Relationship Between Personal Isolation and Internet Addiction with the Tendency to Pornographic Behaviors in the Era of Corona
Subject Areas :Zahra Tanha 1 * , بابایی مطلق babaei motlagh 2
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 - Master's student in clinical psychology, Department of Psychology, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Social isolation, Internet addiction, Pornography, Corona anxiety, Corona virus.,
Abstract :
One of the consequences of people's social isolation is their seeking refuge in virtual space and using the Internet, which may lead to their addiction to the Internet. Access to sexually explicit media and pornographic programs can also lead to Internet addiction, which can be considered in the quarantine conditions caused by the spread of the Corona virus. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between social isolation and Internet addiction with unconventional sexual behaviors in the era of Corona. The current research method is correlation type. For this purpose, 365 people were selected by a simple random sampling method among the undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad branch, and answered the social isolation questionnaires of Russell et al. (1976), Internet addiction by Young (1998), the scale of pornography use by Carroll et al. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between social isolation and Internet addiction with pornographic behaviors. Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that pornographic behaviors can be predicted through social isolation and Internet addiction. Accordingly, in the first step, approximately 56% of the variance of pornography was explained through Internet addiction. In the second step, Internet addiction and social isolation explained 75% of the variance of pornography. Based on this, there are theoretical points of intersection between personal isolation, Internet addiction and pornographic behaviors and it seems that other personal and environmental factors are also involved in this relationship. Considering that this finding was obtained during the Corona period, conducting more studies compared to the present study can be considered by the researchers.
1- اقدسی، ع.، و محمودی، ا. (1390). بررسی رابطه استفاده از اینترنت و انزوای اجتماعی (مطالعه موردی: دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز). مطالعات جامعه شناسی، 11(11)، 92-79.
2- بایزیدی، ه.، و شیخی، ز. (1397). رابطه اعتیاد به اینترنت با انزوای اجتماعی. پنجمین همایش ملی روانشناسی مدرسه.
3- پورخاتون، ا.، و نیک¬طبع، س. (1390). آسیب¬شناسی روانی- اجتماعی پورنوگرافی در اینترنت. دومین دوره همایش هجوم خاموش.
4- پورشهریاری، م. (1386). مقایسه افسردگی، انزوای اجتماعی و ارتباطات خانوادگی دانش¬آموزان دختر کاربر و غیرکاربر اینترنتی دبیرستان¬های تهران. مطالعات روانشناختی، 3(11)، 49-64.
5- سلیمی، ه.، حاجی¬علیزاده، ک.، عامری سیاهویی، م.، و بهدوست، پ. (1400). نقش میانجی استرس کرونا در رابطه بین اعتیاد به اینترنت با تعارضات و خشونت زناشویی و خانوادگی. فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، 12(45)، 100-83.
6- سیدهاشمی، س. ق.، حسین¬نژاد، ش.، و حسین¬آبادی، م. (1398). درستی¬آزمایی و قابلیت اعتماد نسخه فارسی مقیاس استفاده مشکل¬زا از پورنوگرافی در میان کاربران سایت¬های شبکه¬های اجتماعی. علوم روانشناختی، 18(75)، 363-372.
7- علی¬پور، ا.، قدمی، ا.، علیپور، ز.، و عبداله¬زاده، ح. (1398). اعتباریابی مقدماتی مقیاس اضطراب بیماری کرونا (CDAS) در نمونه ایرانی. روانشناسی سلامت، 8(32)، 163-175.
8- فیاضی، م.، حسنی، ج.، و محمدخانی، ش. (1395). نقش سیستم¬های مغزی- رفتاری در اعتیاد به اینترنت: بر اساس نظریه تجدیدنظر شده حساسیت به تقویت. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، 24(2)، 119-129.
9- ظهرابی، چ.، و فرخی، م. (1400). تحلیل اجتماعی اعتیاد به اینترنت و رابطه آن با انزوای اجتماعی در میان دانش¬آموزان در دوران کرونا. نهمین کنفرانس بین المللی دستاوردهای نوین پژوهش در علوم تربیتی، روان¬شناسی و علوم اجتماعی.
10- محسنی، م.، دوران، ب.، و سهرابی، م. ه. (1385). بررسی اثرات استفاده از اینترنت بر انزوای اجتماعی کاربران اینترنت (در میان کاربران کافی نت¬های تهران). مجله جامعه¬شناسی ایران، 7(4)، 72-95.
11- محمدی¬جو، ا. (1392). نقش اینترنت بر انزوای اجتماعی در میان دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز. مطالعات رسانه¬ای، 8(22)، 19-30.
1- Carroll, J. S., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Nelson, L. J., OALSEN, c. d., Barry, C. M., Madsen, S. D. (2008).Generation XXX: Pornography Acceptance and Use Among Emerging Adults. Journal of A dolescent Research, 23(1), 1-19.
2- Chebbi, P., Koong, K. S., Liu, L., Rottman, R. (2020). Some Observations on Internet Addiction Disorder Research. Journal of Information Systems Education, 11(3), 97-104.
3- Cranney, S. (2015). Internet Pornography use and Sexual Body Image in a Dutch Sample. International Journal of Sextual Health, 27(3), 1-17.
4- Doring, N., Kramer, N., Mikhailova, V., Brand, M., Kruger, T. H. C., Vowe, G. (2021). Sexual interaction in digital contexts and its implications for sexual health: A conceptual analysis. Front Psychology, 12, 769732.
5- Fisoun, V., Floros, G., Geroukalis, D., Ioannidi, N., Farkonas, N., Sergentani, E., ... & Siomos, K. (2012). Internet addiction in the island of Hippocrates: the associations between internet abuse and adolescent off‐line behaviours. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17(1), 37-44.
6- Grifftths, (2005). A omponnnss’ modll of dddoooooo within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance use, 10(4), 191-197.
7- Jatmiko, M. I., Syukron, M., Mekarsari, Y. (2020). Covid-19, Harassment and Social Media: A Study of Gender-Based Violence Facilitated by Technology during the Pandemic. The Journal of Society and Media, 4(2), 319–347.
8- Jest, D. V., Lee, E. E., Cacioppo, S. (2020). Battling the Modern Behavioral Epidemic of Loneliness: Suggestions for Research and Interventions. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 553-554.
9- Kim, J., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009). Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 12(4), 451-455.
10- Kor, A., Zilcha-Mano, S., Fogel, Y. A., Mikulincer, M., Reid, R. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). Psychometric development of the problematic pornography use scale. Addictive behaviors, 39(5), 861-868.
11- Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031.
12- Leigh-Hunt, N., Bagguley, C., Bash, K., Turner, V., Turnbull, S., Valtorta, N., Caan, W. (2017). An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness. Public Health, 152,157-171.
13- Lubis, M., & Handayani, D. O. D. (2022). The relationship of personal data protection towards internet addiction: Cyber crimes, pornography and reduced physical activity. Procedia Computer Science, 197, 151-161.
14- Marston, H. R., Musselwhite, C., & Hadley, R. A. (2020). COVID-19 vs Social Isolation: the impact technology can have on communities, social connections and citizens. The British Society of Gerontology.
15- Omer, S. B., Malani, P., Rio, C. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA Clinical Update. JAMA, 323(18), 1767-1768.
16- Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., Paim Kessler, F. H. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Braz J Psychiatry, 42(3), 232–235.
17- Pantell, M., Rehkopf, D., Jutte, D., Syme, S. L., Balmes, J., & Adler, N. (2013). Social isolation: a predictor of mortality comparable to traditional clinical risk factors. Am J Public Health, 103(11), 2056-62.
18- Qaderi, K., Yazdkhasti, M., Zangeneh, S., Behbahani, B. M., Kalhor, M., Shamsabadi, A., Jesmani, Y., Norouzi, S., Kajbafvala, M., Khodavirdilou, R., Rahmani, N., Namadian, M., Ezabadi, S. G., Alkatout, I., Mehraeen, E., Rasoal, D. (2023). Changes in sexual activities, function, and satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexual Medicine, 11(2), qfad005.
19- Rice, E., Rhoades, H., Winetrobe, H., Sanchez, M., Monotoya, J., Plant, A., Kordis, T. (2012). Sexually explicit cell phone messaging associated with sexual risk among adolescents. Pediatrics, 130(4), 667-673.
20- Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of personality assessment, 66(1), 20-40.
21- Thomsen, K. R., Fjorback, L. O., Moller, A., Lou, H. C. (2014). Applying incentive sensitization models to behavioral addiction. Neuroscience & Bio behavioral Reviews , 45, 343-349.
22- Uzieblo, K., & Prescott, D. (2020). Online pornography use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Should we worry? Part I. Sexual Abuse-blogspot, 1-3.
23- World Health Organization (2020). World Health Statistics. Document Translation Instructions
24- Xia, N., & Li, H. (2018). Loneliness, social isolation, and cardiovascular health. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 28(9), 837-851.
25- Xia, S., Liu, M., Wang, C., Xu, W., Lan, Q., Feng, S., Qi, F., Bao, L., Du, L., Liu, S., Qin, C., Sun, F., Shi, Z., Zhu, Y, Jiang, S., Lu, L. (2020). Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion. Cell Research, 30, 343–355.
26- Xin, Y., Zhao, C., Zhu, H., & Gao, M. (2018, May). A survey of malicious accounts detection in large-scale online social networks. In 2018 IEEE 4th international conference on big data security on cloud (bigdatasecurity), IEEE international conference on high performance and smart computing,(HPSC) and IEEE international conference on intelligent data and security (IDS) (pp. 155-158). IEEE.
27- Yau, Y. H. C., Crowley, M. J., Mayes, L. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2012). Are internet use and video-game playing addictive behaviors? Biological, clinical and public health implications for youths and adults. Minerva Psichiatrica, 53, 153–170.
28- Young, K. S. (1998). Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 1, 237-244.
29- Zavaleta, D., Samuel, K., & Mills, C. (2014). Social isolation: A conceptual and measurement proposal (OPHI Working Paper No. 67). University of Oxford.