Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Developing a Structural Equation Model of Resilience Based on Self-Differentiation Mediated by Marital Adjustment in female nurses

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mohsen Kamalinia 1
Kianoush Zahrakar 2
Mehdi Arabzadeh 3

1 Counseling Department, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran

2 Professor, Counseling Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences

10.22034/jwir.2025.725773
Abstract
Resilience, as one of the key personality traits in coping with occupational and marital challenges, plays an important role. Identifying factors that enhance this trait can improve individuals' mental health and performance. Therefore, examining the variables that predict resilience seems essential. This study is a basic, descriptive-analytical research using a correlational approach and structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 400 married female nurses working in public healthcare centers and hospitals in Alborz province, selected through multistage cluster sampling. The research tools included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the short version of the Self-Differentiation Scale (Skowron & Smith), and the Locke-Walsh Marital Adjustment Scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences (IR.ABZUMS.REC.1401.297). Participants voluntarily participated in the study, and their data confidentiality was ensured. The results showed that self-differentiation (r=0/712) and marital adjustment (r=0/796) had a significant positive relationship with resilience at a confidence level of (0/01). Moreover, the mediating role of marital adjustment in the relationship between self-differentiation and resilience was confirmed. The results indicated that the data fit the conceptual model of the study. The findings suggest that for enhancing resilience in married nurses, policymakers in the health sector should pay more attention to the emotional, cognitive, and emotional factors of this group.

Keywords

resilience
self-differentiation
marital adjustment
Female Nurses
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2-    مهرابی‌زاده‌هنرمند، مهناز؛ حسین پور، محمد؛ و مهدی زاده، لیلا(2010). اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی در افزایش سازگاری زناشویی زنان متأهل 40-20 سال، 2(1)، 125-139.
3-    Abe, S., & Oshio, A. (2018). Does Marital Duration Moderate (Dis)Similarity Effects of Personality on Marital Satisfaction? SAGE Open, 8(2). doi:2158244018784985/10.1177.
4-    Bartle‐Haring, S., Ferriby, M., & Day, R. (2019). Couple differentiation :Mediator or Moderator of depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction?. Journal of marital and family therapy, 45(4), 563-577. doi:10.1111/jmft.12326.
5-    Beckman, C. M., & Stanko, T. L. (2020). It takes three: Relational boundary work,resilience, and commitment among navy couples. Academy of Management Journal, 63(2), 411-439. doi:10.5465/amj.2017.0653
6-    Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of new resilience scale: The Connor- Davidson, Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Journal of Depression and Anxiety. 2003; 18(2):76- 82.  doi:10.1002/da.10113
7-    Du, W., Luo, M., & Zhou, Z. (2021). A Study on the Relationship Between Marital Socioeconomic Status, Marital Satisfaction, and Depression: Analysis Based on Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1-23. doi:10.1007/s11482-021-09975-x
8-    Fahimdanesh, F., Noferesti, A., & Tavakol, K. (2020). Self-compassion and forgiveness: Major predictors of marital satisfaction in young couples. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(3), 221-234. doi:10.1080/01926187.2019.1708832
9-    Foster, Kim, & Viet Bui, Minh, & McInnes, Elizabeth and Ennis, Gary(2022). Protocol for a mixed methods process evaluationof the Promoting Resilience in Nurses (PRiN). International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.31(3), 687–696. doi:10.1111/inm.12989
10-    Freitas, J.P, Rodríguez Gonzalez, M, Crabtee S, & Martine, M. V. (2020). Differentiation of Self, Couple Adjustment and Family Life Cycle: A Cross Sectional Study. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(4), 250-262. doi:10.22059/japr.2022.311721.643662.
11-    Işık, E., Özbiler, Ş., Schweer-Collins, M. L., & Rodríguez-González, M. (2020). Differentiation of self predicts life satisfaction through marital adjustment. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(3), 235-249. doi:10.1080/01926187.2020.1732248.
12-    Riahi, F., Golzari, M., & Mootabi, F. (2020). The Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Marital Satisfaction Using the Actor-partner Interdependence Model. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 26(1), 44-63. doi:10.32598/ijpcp.26.1.3038.1
13-    Rahimpour S, Arefi M, Manshai G. [Effectiveness of integrated training of time perspective and mindfulness on resilience and wisdom (Persian)]. Research Paper on Positive Psychology. 2021; 7(1):35-52. doi:10.22108/PPLS.2021.118779.1798
14-    Robins, N. (2021). Of Love and Loathing: Marital Life, Strife, and Intimacy in the Colonial Andes, 1750–1825. The American Historical Review, 122 (1), 221-222. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1d9nhx8.
15-    Locke, H. J., & Wallace, K. M. (1959). Short marital-adjustment and prediction tests: Their reliability and validity. Marriage and family living, 21(3), 251- 255.
16-    Skowron, E., & Friedlander, M. (1998). The differentiation of self inventory: development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psycho, 28(1), 235-246. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-04269-001
17-    Tahir K, Khan N. (2020).Mediating role of body image between sexual functioning and marital intimacy in Pakistani women with breast cancer. Psycho‐Oncology,2021; 30(2), 260-266. doi:10.1002/pon.5563.
18-    Toraman, Ç., Özdemir, H. F., Kosan, A. M. A., & Orakci, S. (2020). Relationships between Cognitive Flexibility, Perceived Quality of Faculty Life, Learning Approaches, and Academic Achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 85-100. doi:10.29333/iji.2020.1316a.
19-    Ünal, Ö., & Akgün, S. (2020). Conflict resolution styles as predictors of marital adjustment and marital satisfaction: an actor–partner interdependence model. Journal of Family Studies, 1-16. doi:10.1080/13229400.2020.1766542.
20-    Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P. J., Zmigrod, S., & Robbins, T. W. (2019). Cognitive flexibility and religious disbelief. Psychological research, 83(8), 1749-1759. doi:10.1007/s00426-018-1034-3.
1-    خطیبی، شهلا(1394). اثربخشی واقعیت درمانی در تمایزیافتگی و هم‌وابستگی زوجین ناسازگار، پایان‌نامه، کارشناسی ارشد، رشته روانشناسی بالینی. دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی. گروه آموزش علوم انسانی.
2-    مهرابی‌زاده‌هنرمند، مهناز؛ حسین پور، محمد؛ و مهدی زاده، لیلا(2010). اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی در افزایش سازگاری زناشویی زنان متأهل 40-20 سال، 2(1)، 125-139.
3-    Abe, S., & Oshio, A. (2018). Does Marital Duration Moderate (Dis)Similarity Effects of Personality on Marital Satisfaction? SAGE Open, 8(2). doi:2158244018784985/10.1177.
4-    Bartle‐Haring, S., Ferriby, M., & Day, R. (2019). Couple differentiation :Mediator or Moderator of depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction?. Journal of marital and family therapy, 45(4), 563-577. doi:10.1111/jmft.12326.
5-    Beckman, C. M., & Stanko, T. L. (2020). It takes three: Relational boundary work,resilience, and commitment among navy couples. Academy of Management Journal, 63(2), 411-439. doi:10.5465/amj.2017.0653
6-    Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of new resilience scale: The Connor- Davidson, Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Journal of Depression and Anxiety. 2003; 18(2):76- 82.  doi:10.1002/da.10113
7-    Du, W., Luo, M., & Zhou, Z. (2021). A Study on the Relationship Between Marital Socioeconomic Status, Marital Satisfaction, and Depression: Analysis Based on Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1-23. doi:10.1007/s11482-021-09975-x
8-    Fahimdanesh, F., Noferesti, A., & Tavakol, K. (2020). Self-compassion and forgiveness: Major predictors of marital satisfaction in young couples. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(3), 221-234. doi:10.1080/01926187.2019.1708832
9-    Foster, Kim, & Viet Bui, Minh, & McInnes, Elizabeth and Ennis, Gary(2022). Protocol for a mixed methods process evaluationof the Promoting Resilience in Nurses (PRiN). International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.31(3), 687–696. doi:10.1111/inm.12989
10-    Freitas, J.P, Rodríguez Gonzalez, M, Crabtee S, & Martine, M. V. (2020). Differentiation of Self, Couple Adjustment and Family Life Cycle: A Cross Sectional Study. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(4), 250-262. doi:10.22059/japr.2022.311721.643662.
11-    Işık, E., Özbiler, Ş., Schweer-Collins, M. L., & Rodríguez-González, M. (2020). Differentiation of self predicts life satisfaction through marital adjustment. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 48(3), 235-249. doi:10.1080/01926187.2020.1732248.
12-    Riahi, F., Golzari, M., & Mootabi, F. (2020). The Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Marital Satisfaction Using the Actor-partner Interdependence Model. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 26(1), 44-63. doi:10.32598/ijpcp.26.1.3038.1
13-    Rahimpour S, Arefi M, Manshai G. [Effectiveness of integrated training of time perspective and mindfulness on resilience and wisdom (Persian)]. Research Paper on Positive Psychology. 2021; 7(1):35-52. doi:10.22108/PPLS.2021.118779.1798
14-    Robins, N. (2021). Of Love and Loathing: Marital Life, Strife, and Intimacy in the Colonial Andes, 1750–1825. The American Historical Review, 122 (1), 221-222. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1d9nhx8.
15-    Locke, H. J., & Wallace, K. M. (1959). Short marital-adjustment and prediction tests: Their reliability and validity. Marriage and family living, 21(3), 251- 255.
16-    Skowron, E., & Friedlander, M. (1998). The differentiation of self inventory: development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psycho, 28(1), 235-246. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-04269-001
17-    Tahir K, Khan N. (2020).Mediating role of body image between sexual functioning and marital intimacy in Pakistani women with breast cancer. Psycho‐Oncology,2021; 30(2), 260-266. doi:10.1002/pon.5563.
18-    Toraman, Ç., Özdemir, H. F., Kosan, A. M. A., & Orakci, S. (2020). Relationships between Cognitive Flexibility, Perceived Quality of Faculty Life, Learning Approaches, and Academic Achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 85-100. doi:10.29333/iji.2020.1316a.
19-    Ünal, Ö., & Akgün, S. (2020). Conflict resolution styles as predictors of marital adjustment and marital satisfaction: an actor–partner interdependence model. Journal of Family Studies, 1-16. doi:10.1080/13229400.2020.1766542.
20-    Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P. J., Zmigrod, S., & Robbins, T. W. (2019). Cognitive flexibility and religious disbelief. Psychological research, 83(8), 1749-1759. doi:10.1007/s00426-018-1034-3.
Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches
Volume 6, Issue 4 - Serial Number 21
Winter 2025 Article ID:DOR:20.1001.1.27831175.1403.6.4.5.1

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