Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Abstract Resilience, as one of the key personality traits in coping with occupational and marital challenges, plays an important role. Identifying factors that enhance this trait can improve individuals' mental health and performance. Therefore, examining the variables that predict resilience seems essential. This study is a basic, descriptive-analytical research using a correlational approach and structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 400 married female nurses working in public healthcare centers and hospitals in Alborz province, selected through multistage cluster sampling. The research tools included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the short version of the Self-Differentiation Scale (Skowron & Smith), and the Locke-Walsh Marital Adjustment Scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences (IR.ABZUMS.REC.1401.297). Participants voluntarily participated in the study, and their data confidentiality was ensured. The results showed that self-differentiation (r=0/712) and marital adjustment (r=0/796) had a significant positive relationship with resilience at a confidence level of (0/01). Moreover, the mediating role of marital adjustment in the relationship between self-differentiation and resilience was confirmed. The results indicated that the data fit the conceptual model of the study. The findings suggest that for enhancing resilience in married nurses, policymakers in the health sector should pay more attention to the emotional, cognitive, and emotional factors of this group.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to compare the five dimensions of personality, body image and self-esteem in women applying for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population was made up of all women applying for cosmetic surgery referring to private beauty centers in Tabriz city in 1402 (Shamsi Calendar). The statistical sample consisted of 100 women, with 50 applying for cosmetic surgery and 50 non-applicants. They were selected using purposive sampling method for compare with the target group and were assessed using the Five-Factor of Neo Costa and McCree Questionnaire (1992), the Multidimensional Body-Self Relationship Questionnaire (1997) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale Questionnaire (1965).  In order to analyze the data, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test was used. The hypotheses test revealed that there is no significant difference between the women applying for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants in terms of the five dimensions of personality and its components (neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience) (p>0.05), but there is a significant difference between the dimensions of agreeableness and conscientiousness ( p<0.001). Additionally, no significant difference was found in the variable of body image and its components (importance to others, responsibility, courage, self-acceptance) (p>0.05) or in self-esteem and its components (p>0.05). Based on the results,  it can be said that women applying for cosmetic surgery do not differ from non-applicating women in terms of the five dimensions of personality, body image and self-esteem.

Abstract Abstract
Early identification of prenatal diseases and timely treatment of genetic abnormalities are among the main challenges of the healthcare system. In the field of medicine, screening is defined as a strategy for examining the population to identify individuals at risk of a health-threatening condition, with the aim of early detection for intervention or early disease control and its complications. This process is carried out in the form of a series of screening tests in different months of pregnancy. Laws related to genetic screening have existed in our country for decades, whereby couples were financially supported to conduct relevant tests before the birth of their child and during the fetal stage. In the second half of 1400 (Shamsi Calendar), the Law on Family and Youth Protection of the Population was approved by the Parliament, which, pursuant to Articles 53 and 56 of this law, created restrictions on genetic screening, and Article 56 of this law repealed the Medical Abortion Law of 1384 (Shamsi Calendar). Article 53 of this law basically prohibits screening for diseases that lead to the birth of a baby with a difficult-to-treat disease, and in addition, doctors and health workers are not required to recommend screening. As a result, discussions around hardship, elective abortion in cases of abnormalities, and treatments that impose difficulties on families have been restricted. This research aims to examine the need to amend Articles 53 and 56 of the Population Youth and Family Support Plan and address women's challenges in the field of genetics and therapeutic abortion, using a descriptive-analytical method and data collection.
 

Abstract In today's world, pregnant women face various challenges such as occupational stress, financial pressures, and shifts in social relationships, all of which can significantly impact their mental and physical health. This article explores the connections between occupational stress, social relationships, and their effects on pregnant women. It also highlights the importance of this research for improving the understanding of factors affecting the health of pregnant women and enhancing their conditions for the development and advancement of the country's population. The study, conducted in Bushehr City with a group of pregnant women through seven semi-structured interviews, reveals that these women experience high levels of occupational stress, shifts in social relationships, and psychological pressures. A detailed analysis indicates that psychological interventions, particularly in social psychology, can help mitigate the negative effects of job-related stress. The findings show a significant relationship between occupational stress, social relationships, and their impacts on pregnant women. These findings emphasize that effective stress management and stronger social relationships can enhance the mental and physical health of pregnant women,ultimately contributing to the country's population growth.

Abstract Choosing an appropriate leadership style can significantly improve employee performance, increase job satisfaction, and strengthen organizational commitment. This study aimed to investigate the role of humble leadership style in enhancing the organizational commitment of women employees in the city of Tabriz. The research was fundamental in nature and employed a descriptive-correlational approach (path analysis). The sample consisted of 150 women employed in private organizations in Tabriz, selected using a convenience sampling method in 2023. Data were collected using the humble leadership style questionnaire by Evans et al. (2013) and the organizational commitment questionnaire by Allen and Meyer (1990). Data analysis revealed that humble leadership style has a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment. These findings highlight the importance of adopting humble leadership style in private organizations, which often face challenges such as high competition, retention of talented human resources, and increased productivity. Humble leadership style can serve as an effective approach to enhancing employee motivation and job commitment, especially for women employees. Given that women in the workplace may encounter additional barriers, fostering their organizational commitment through the humble support and guidance of managers can significantly contribute to improving organizational performance. This approach not only boosts employee motivation but also facilitates the long-term retention and development of human capital.

Abstract Women, as one of the main pillars of the family, play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and boundaries of the household. Since the family, as the fundamental social unit, has a direct impact on the growth or decline of societies, attention to its empowerment is essential. To prevent the destructive consequences of social collapse, strengthening and empowering the family in individual, familial, social, and international dimensions is of paramount importance. In this regard, governmental organizations must design programs to empower social structures and enhance international capabilities, taking political considerations into account.Conversely, contemporary feminist movements, especially on a global scale, emphasize that women do not need to depend on men and should receive education in all dimensions. This idea has been pursued in many countries, particularly in developing nations, in the form of women's empowerment programs. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on women's empowerment in cultural, economic, political, and social aspects, aiming to include all women, not just those who are heads of households.The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that women's empowerment is influenced by two categories of factors: internal and external. Women themselves act as an internal factor, while spouses, parents, and cultural institutions are identified as external influential factors.