Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population was considered all divorced women and their daughters in Urmia in 2017. The sample consisted of 30 divorced women and their daughters who were referred to the family health clinic under the supervision of the Welfare of West Azerbaijan Province. These women were purposefully selected and divided into two experimental groups (15 people), and a control group (15 people) were randomly assigned. In the experimental group, the intervention was performed in groups of 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on schema therapy, but no intervention was applied to the control group. The instruments were Schier's self-efficacy questionnaire (1982), Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire (1991), and the short form of Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998). Research data were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that schema therapy has effectively increased self-efficacy, the life expectancy of divorced women, and modulating maladaptive schemas of their daughters (P<0.000). Schema therapy as a technique can effectively improve the self-efficacy and life expectancy of these divorced women and modify the maladaptive schemas of their daughters.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the mediating role of social support in the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being in the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province. The research was correlational. The statistical population includes all women heads of households in Isfahan province in 1399, whose number based on the statistics of the Welfare Organization of this province was equal to 1200 people. The statistical sample consisted of 330 people selected by the convenience sampling method. Research instruments included the Wax et al. (1986) Social Support Assessment Scale, the Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989), and the WHO Quality of Life Short Scale (1989). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and AMOS version 22 and the statistical method of structural equation analysis. The results showed that social support adds 21.1% to the path between psychological well-being and quality of life. The results also showed that social support has a minor mediating role in the relationship between resilience and quality of life of women heads of households in Isfahan province (β = 0.211 and (p <0.05)). Social support has a minor mediating role in the relationship between psychological well-being and quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.211 and (p <0.05)). Resilience has a direct effect on the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.350 and (p <0.05)). Also, psychological well-being has a direct effect on the quality of life of female-headed households in Isfahan province (β = 0.350 and (p <0.05).

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Alexithymia and personality traits with happiness in women . The statistical society included women live in Shiraz during 1400-1399, of which 180 completed questionnaires. In order to collect data, five-factor of Neo (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and Emotional Toronto (Bagby et al., 1994) and Oxford Happiness (Argyle et al., 1989) were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and regression coefficient using SPSS 26 software. The results of regression analysis showed that neuroticism and extraversion were the significantly negative and positive predictors of happiness, respectively(β = 0.29, β = 0.26). The results also showed that difficulty in emotions significantly predicts the rate of happiness in reversal (β = 0.21). Based on findings, it can be concluded that personality traits are influential on people’s happiness and also the dimensions of alexithymia can decrease the individuals’ happiness. women are the main axes of the family, so their happiness can have a great impact on the education of the next generation.

Abstract According to the data published by various demographic organizations, the fertility rate is decreasing in many countries of the world, including in Iran. This can be due to several reasons. Despite this, the cultural transformations during the last few decades, among other changes, stand out the most. The growth of individualism and humanistic thoughts, changes in beliefs and attitudes, the growth of secularism, transformation in family values, and reformation are among the most important developments related to fertility. The purpose of this research is to study the effective factors in fertility in the individual, family and social spheres and to explain a model for the family in the field of fertility based on reliable evidence and relying on religious teachings. Therefore, the research method in this study is qualitative and analytical. The research results showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of individualism, modernization, religiosity, secularism and family values in families and fertility; In this sense, the higher the level of commitment to the religious beliefs of the family, the lower the levels of secularism and individualism, and the higher the level of attention to family values, the higher the fertility rate in those families. In the meantime, modernization and its consequences on the family and especially on women have contributed greatly to changing attitudes. Therefore, the most important principle is the change in attitude, belief, value and action at the three levels of the individual, family and society. Attitudes are formed over time and a transformational process, and then they become beliefs and values and finally actions, and once they are formed, it is simply not possible to change them, therefore, effective measures must be formed in this field.

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the impact of national identity components of preschool teachers on the language learning skills of preschool children in Semnan province. The research method was descriptive-survey, and the statistical population included 91 female preschool teachers during the 2020–2021 academic year, selected through cluster random sampling. Data collection tools consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire on language learning skills with nine subscales, and another on national identity with four subscales. Face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by experts in the fields of early childhood education and pedagogy, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation and Chi-square test). A strong statistical relationship was found between “teachers’ familiarity with and respect for religious and national customs and traditions” and “the development of preschoolers’ relative linguistic and communicative competence (language learning skills)” (p-value < 0.05). In other words, as preschool teachers’ familiarity with and respect for religious and national customs increases, the development of linguistic and communicative competence in preschoolers also increases. However, no significant relationship was observed between teachers’ educational background and their national identity, nor with the language learning skills of preschoolers (p-value > 0.05).

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effects of schema therapy on marital adjustment and marital satisfaction in couples referring to health centers of Khoy city. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, a control group, and a follow-up stage. The Statistical population composes of all married women aged 25-40 referring to health centers of Khoy city year 2019. The sampling process was conducted with a random method of simple sampling; 60 women were chosen as sample groups and were determined randomly into experimental groups (n=30) and control groups (n=30). The experimental group received the initial maladaptive Yang et al. (2003) schema therapy for ten 90-minute sessions, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The research tools included the Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire (Enrich, 1989) and Instrument included marital adjustment questionnaire (Spanier,1976). Descriptive statistical indexes and analysis of covariance test were applied orderly to data description and testing of research hypotheses. These results showed that Schema therapy affects marital satisfaction and adjustment, and this effect was stable at the follow-up stage. Also, the results of the covariance analysis showed that the interaction schema therapy effect on the marital satisfaction and adjustment components was significant (P<0.05). Regarding the results search, it possibly concluded that schema therapy is an effective intervention in increasing couples’ marital satisfaction and marital adjustment.