Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of leadership skills training on the social empowerment of female student teachers. This research was conducted using a survey method, and data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of two main sections: the first section assessed leadership skills (including communication skills, problem-solving, time management, and classroom management), while the second section evaluated social empowerment (including self-confidence, social participation, and role in decision-making processes). The statistical population consisted of 100 female student teachers from various universities, selected randomly.The findings indicated that leadership skills training had a positive and significant effect on the social empowerment of female student teachers. Specifically, communication and problem-solving skills were more strongly associated with increases in self-confidence and social participation. Additionally, time management and classroom management skills positively influenced their individual capabilities in decisionmaking and fulfilling social roles.Overall, this study highlights the importance of leadership skills training for female student teachers and recommends the integration of such training into teacher education programs.

Abstract The principle of privacy and sanctity in sustainable housing design has gained increasing attention due to the diverse social and cultural challenges facing contemporary societies. Housing, beyond serving as a physical shelter, plays a crucial role in shaping and reinforcing individual and social identities, particularly for women. In Islamic societies, the concept of privacy is considered a fundamental value in family and social relations, and emphasizing it can enhance quality of life, security, tranquility, and psychological well-being within families. Therefore, addressing privacy in housing design and its impact on individuals' quality of lifeespecially that of women—is deemed a critical necessity in this research. Privacy, as a key element in fostering healthy and balanced communities, strengthens family relationships and reduces social tensions. Accordingly, designing residential spaces that prioritize personal needs while preserving privacy can provide women with secure and peaceful environments, enabling them to effectively fulfill their social roles.This study, conducted using a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, through an extensive review of the literature and theoretical data analysis, concludes that adherence to privacy principles in housing design not only improves individuals' quality of life but also promotes social interactions. Creating residential spaces that meet privacy needs can foster social cohesion and reduce social problems. The findings further reveal that attention to zoning, spatial hierarchy, and related architectural strategies significantly contributes to fulfilling privacy requirements within homes.It is noteworthy that this research can serve as a foundation for improving housing design and enhancing quality of life in Islamic societies, ultimately leading to the creation of healthier and more sustainable environments for all individuals, particularly women.

Abstract This brief report, from a social psychology perspective, explores the impact of creative participation by school-aged girls in the production of dramatic literature based on Khayyam-khani (recitation of Khayyam’s quatrains), with the aim of enhancing self-esteem and reinforcing bonds with cultural-religious identity during childhood. The study employed a quantitative method using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The statistical population included 50 girls aged 8 to 10 from Shahid Sharif Ashraf Elementary School in Shiraz, who actively participated in various stages of creating, performing, and staging Khayyam-based plays. The program, rooted in the quatrains of Omar Khayyam as symbols of Iranian-Islamic wisdom, provided a platform for purposeful social interaction, lived artistic experience, and the reconstruction of cultural identity. Data analysis through comparison of pre-test and post-test scores indicated a significant improvement in self-esteem indicators. The findings suggest that engagement in theatrical activities based on classical texts can serve as a cultural-psychological intervention to enhance core components of positive self-concept, self-efficacy, and sense of worth in children. Furthermore, the results indicate that integrating performing arts with authentic Iranian-Islamic content not only promotes children's mental well-being but also serves as a key factor in preserving the cultural identity of the new generation. Accordingly, it is recommended that modern educational approaches harness the potential of classical literature and creative drama to foster students' psychological resilience and cultural cohesion.

Abstract One of the most significant dimensions of human existence is dignity and intrinsic worth. Human beings possess two types of dignity: inherent and acquired. The latter, acquired dignity, which is attained through faith and righteous deeds, serves as the foundation for achieving happiness and salvation. Undoubtedly, women’s enjoyment of human dignity is rooted in fundamental principles, including the spiritual dimension of their personality, their role in shaping humanity, their capacity to pursue knowledge and achieve human virtues, their faculty of reason and intellect, and the ultimate purpose of their creation. This study, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, has yielded the following findings: Although the desire for beauty and variety is an innate inclination in human nature—manifested in women as an embodiment of beauty and grace bestowed upon them at creation—if this inclination is not channeled appropriately and leads to an excessive focus on emerging beauty practices, ultimately resulting in ostentation and self-display, it produces nothing but the degradation of a woman’s character, neglect of the purpose of creation, and hindrance of moral and spiritual growth. Such outcomes stand in contradiction to the dignity and status of women. Based on the rational principle that "preventing potential harm is obligatory," these practices must be avoided.

Abstract Social anxiety, one of the most prevalent psychological disorders among children and adolescents, often has roots deeper than what appears on the surface. The present study aims to explore the link between parenting styles and the intergenerational transmission of social anxiety through a systematic review of studies conducted over the past decade. This study utilized library-based and documentary research methods, with relevant articles retrieved from reputable scientific databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software to provide a precise and coherent picture of the findings. The results revealed that parenting styles play a critical role in either fostering or mitigating social anxiety in children. Authoritarian and punitive parenting styles were associated with increased levels of social anxiety in children, whereas authoritative and responsive parenting styles were linked to a significant reduction in this disorder. Out of 102 articles reviewed, 18 were selected for in-depth analysis, and ultimately, 9 articles met the necessary quality criteria. The findings also indicated that social anxiety is associated with reduced self-esteem, increased anger, aggression, and difficulties in social relationships among children. This study underscores the importance of parental education in adopting healthy parenting practices and suggests that the prevention of social anxiety should begin within the family, where the hidden narrative of anxiety is often perpetuated across generations.

Abstract This qualitative study explores the personal well-being experiences of entrepreneurial women in Tabriz who have embarked on the path of self-employment. The aim is to analyze how these women face the challenges and opportunities along their entrepreneurial journey while maintaining and enhancing their well-being. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 purposefully selected women entrepreneurs and analyzed using MAXQDA software. The data analysis was grounded in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT).Findings indicate that two primary factors contributed to the enhancement of these women's well-being: (1) spirituality and faith, serving as sources of resilience and purpose, and (2) work-life balance and the quality of family relationships as key elements of well-being. Entering the realm of self-employment increased their sense of autonomy and flexibility, thus enhancing their well-being through improved physical health, family relationships, and personal satisfaction. Nevertheless, participants faced challenges such as stress from balancing professional and personal responsibilities. The results also highlight the important role of entrepreneurial training in boosting motivation and success, aligning with SDT components of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.By addressing existing gaps in the understanding of women entrepreneurs’ well-being, this study contributes to the literature in this field and emphasizes the importance of resilience and the need for specific support, particularly from spouses.

Abstract Resilience plays an important role in coping with career and marital challenges, so strengthening this characteristic can play a significant role in improving the psychological state and job performance of individuals. Therefore, identifying the predictors of resilience seems essential. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cognitive flexibility on resilience with the mediating role of marital adjustment in married female nurses. This fundamental study was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach and a correlation method based on the structural equation model. The statistical population included 400 married female nurses working in health centers and public hospitals in Alborz province, who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. The research tools included the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, the Dennis and Vander Waal Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, and the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences with the ID IR.ABZUMS.REC.1401.297. Participants participated in the study after providing informed consent and the confidentiality of their data was guaranteed. The results showed that cognitive flexibility (r = 0/762) and marital adjustment (r = 0/796) have a positive and significant relationship with resilience at a confidence level of 0/01. Also, the mediating role of marital adjustment in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and resilience was confirmed. The appropriate fit of the data with the conceptual model of the study was confirmed. The findings showed that in order to improve the resilience of married female nurses, it is necessary to pay attention to cognitive, emotional and affective factors. Accordingly, it is suggested that policymakers and health managers design and implement programs to improve these factors.

Abstract Considering the significance of marital interactions in Islam, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, negative automatic thoughts, and domestic violence with marital disenchantment among housewives in Shiraz, based on an Islamic perspective. The research method was descriptive-correlational using a survey approach. The statistical population consisted of all housewives in Shiraz in the year 2022, from which 384 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (Young, 2005), the Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (Hollon & Kendall, 1980), the Domestic Violence Questionnaire (Haj-Yahya, 1999), and the Marital Disenchantment Scale (Pines et al., 2016). Regression analysis results indicated that the three variables explained 22% of the variance in marital disenchantment. Domestic violence (B = 0.32, t = 6.985), early maladaptive schemas (B = 0.25, t = 5.437), and negative automatic thoughts (B = 0.09, t = 2.141) had the highest contributions, respectively. Furthermore, domestic violence mediated the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and negative automatic thoughts with marital disenchantment (p < 0.01). This research indicates that marital disenchantment results from the accumulation of inappropriate cognitive, emotional, and behavioral interactions, and its reduction requires simultaneous attention to both individual factors (such as schemas and negative thoughts) and interpersonal factors (such as violence), within the framework of Islamic principles. Domestic violence plays a dual role in this cycle, acting both as a cause and a consequence of cognitive-emotional interactions, thereby creating a vicious cycle. Emphasizing multilevel interventions from individual therapy to structural changes positions this study as a pioneering work in the field of family mental health.