Journal of Women Interdisciplinary Researches

Abstract This study was designed and conducted to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and resilience among students of Fatemieh Higher Education Institute (S) in Shiraz. The research was applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection method, with data gathered through field research. The statistical population consisted of all students of Fatemieh Higher Education Institute in Shiraz during the 2023-2024 academic year, totaling 1,362 students. Based on Morgan’s table, a sample of 300 students was selected. Standard questionnaires were used as research tools. To measure religious orientation, the Allport and Ross Religious Orientation Questionnaire (1950) was employed, and for resilience, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS version 23 software at both descriptive and inferential statistical levels. Descriptive statistics such as mean, variance, and standard deviation were used to describe the data, while the Pearson correlation test was applied to determine the relationship between variables. The results indicate that religious orientation affects resilience with a correlation coefficient of 0.58.

Abstract Chastity, as an internal force that restrains the self from indecent behaviors, has always been emphasized in Islam. The Almighty God, through a gradual presentation of comprehensive policies, has promoted, stabilized, and institutionalized chaste living within the Islamic society. While the concept of chastity in its various dimensions is discussed in Meccan surahs, the reinforcement and implementation of sexual chastity laws have been deferred to the Medinan period—under circumstances where an Islamic government is established.This study seeks to answer the question: What strategies does the Medinan Surah An-Nur employ to institutionalize sexual chastity within a faith-based community? Through a descriptive-analytical approach and based on library resources, the study reveals that in the context of an established Islamic society, God begins with preventive rulings against sexual deviance—such as harsh punishment for adulterers and strict evidentiary standards, prohibition of illicit glances, encouragement of marriage, and emphasis on youth chastity.Furthermore, the issue of hijab is introduced as part of cultivating a spirit of modesty. To consolidate sexual chastity within both the familial and social spheres, the surah proposes adherence to divine chastity rulings, respect for private boundaries in the family (especially regarding parents), overcoming carnal desires, cultivating fear and awe of God, allowing divine rulings to illuminate the hearts of believers, and complete obedience to God and His Messenger. These strategies aim to embed chastity within the hearts of the faithful—something only achievable through safeguarding the boundaries between mahram and non-mahram, the family unit, parents, and the Prophet Muhammad.

Abstract This study examines a ceramic vessel depicting the story of Bijan and Manizheh, dating back to the 6th century AH and originating from the city of Rey. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the representation of Manizheh’s character in this visual artwork and compare it with her portrayal in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. The central research question is as follows:How is Manizheh’s role represented in the text of the Shahnameh and in the ceramic images from the Freer Gallery Collection in Washington, and what are the differences in interpretation of this character across these two media?In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and in terms of nature, it follows a descriptive and visual-analytical method. Data collection was conducted through library research, consultation of credible domestic and online sources, and examination of ceramic vessels featuring Bijan and Manizheh found in the Freer Gallery Collection.The findings indicate that the ceramic artist has preserved symbolic elements while generally remaining faithful to the narrative, portraying Manizheh as a loyal, loving, and patient figure. However, her heroic and proactive dimensions, as emphasized in the Shahnameh, are less visible. Ferdowsi depicts Manizheh as a courageous woman with an active role in saving Bijan, symbolizing unwavering love and devotion.Ultimately, while the ceramic artwork retains the epic tone of the story through the inclusion of Rostam’s heroism and other epic elements, it places greater emphasis on the emotional and symbolic aspects of Manizheh’s character. The study reveals differences in the interpretation and representation of Manizheh between text and image, yet both media complement each other in preserving Iran’s cultural heritage and national narratives. One of the key outcomes of this research is highlighting the importance of the unity between visual and literary arts in maintaining and transmitting national stories. It demonstrates the special role of ceramics in promoting and reinterpreting ancient Iranian tales.

Abstract Domestic violence is considered one of the major health issues affecting individuals. Today, preventing this issue and managing cases of domestic violence have become a significant health priority worldwide. The aim of this study is to examine the interventions carried out and global experiences in preventing domestic violence and to evaluate their effectiveness.This study is a qualitative-descriptive review conducted through a systematic search of articles in reputable databases using relevant English and Persian keywords. The interventions related to domestic violence and their effectiveness were analyzed.Some interventions in the field of domestic violence in various countries focus on affected individuals, particularly women and children, and include strategies such as education, gaining support, and psychological counseling and therapy for at-risk individuals. Other interventions target healthcare system staff and support organizations to train and empower them in identifying and managing cases of domestic violence.Empowering healthcare workers for screening, diagnosing, and managing domestic violence cases, as well as educating individuals about the underlying factors contributing to violence, developing communication and coping skills, and choosing appropriate alternative behaviors in violent situations, can be significant steps in preventing or reducing domestic violence. These findings are consistent with many studies conducted in various countries.

Abstract Women's financial literacy is a key factor in household well-being and in the financial socialization of children. However, research shows that women's financial literacy levels are generally lower than those of men. One possible explanation lies in individual psychological traits such as financial self-efficacy. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the effect of financial self-efficacy on women's financial literacy. The statistical population consists of all women in Yazd province in the year 2024, and based on the recommended formula for structural equation modeling, a sample of 383 individuals was selected. Data on individual characteristics were collected using standardized questionnaires assessing women's interest in financial resources and available information, fear of financial matters, and strong emotional dependencies on money and investment. For measuring financial literacy, a standardized financial literacy questionnaire covering three dimensions—financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial behavior—was used. The research hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling approach via Smart PLS software. The results indicate that financial self-efficacy has a significant and direct effect on financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial behavior. Therefore, to improve women’s financial literacy, it is essential to not only provide financial education but also focus on developing such individual traits.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare happiness, social interest, and emotion dysregulation in female-headed and non-female-headed households. This study employed a causal-comparative design. The statistical population included all female heads of households who referred to the Welfare Organization of Tabriz in 2023. The sample consisted of 100 individuals (50 female heads of households and 50 non-female-headed women) selected through purposive sampling. The participants were assessed using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989), Alizadeh’s Social Interest Questionnaire (2020), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale by Gratz and Roemer (2004). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and independent t-tests. The results showed significant differences between female-headed and non-female-headed women in terms of happiness and its components (life satisfaction, positive affect, health, efficiency, self-esteem) (P < 0.001), social interest and its components (caring for others, responsibility, courage, self-acceptance) (P < 0.001), and emotion dysregulation (P < 0.001). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that female heads of households experience lower levels of happiness and social interest and higher levels of emotion dysregulation compared to non-female-headed women.

Abstract The declining tendency toward childbearing in recent decades has raised concerns among scholars in various fields across Iran. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and attitudes of employed women in South Tehran toward childbearing. Conducted using a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach, the research gathered data through in-depth interviews.The findings indicate that employed women’s attitudes toward childbearing have undergone significant changes due to recent social, cultural, and economic transformations. Participants no longer view childbearing as a traditional necessity, but rather as a decision dependent on personal, economic, professional, and lifestyle factors. Many cited concerns such as the inability to afford child-rearing expenses, difficulties in balancing motherhood with professional roles, and anxiety about their children’s future as key reasons for their reduced willingness to have children.Overall, the results suggest that the new understanding of motherhood and fertility among employed women has led them toward more conscious decision-making and, in some cases, avoidance of childbearing altogether. This shift in perspective may be considered one of the contributing factors to declining fertility rates in urban areas, particularly among working women.

Abstract Caregiving is fundamental to human relationships and plays a decisive role in the quality and stability of marital relationships. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of caregiving dimensions in the relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexual desire in women. The research was applied in nature, utilizing a descriptive-correlational method through structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all married women visiting cultural centers in Isfahan from May to June 2024. Based on Kline’s model, 200 participants were selected using convenience sampling, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was obtained from the selected participants, and they were assured that confidentiality and ethical standards would be upheld regarding the research results. Participants completed the Caregiving Scale by Kunce and Shaver (1994), the Sexual Desire Inventory by Hulbert (1992), and the Hudson Sexual Satisfaction Scale (1992). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and path analysis with SPSS22 and AMOS software. The results indicated that caregiving dimensions mediate the relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexual desire in women. Additionally, the model demonstrated a good fit (P<0.01). The findings suggest that sexual desire alone cannot fully and directly explain sexual satisfaction, and caregiving, as a sensitive and responsive behavior, acts as a mediator and enhancer of this relationship.